bruner



2 Sheets-Sheet 1. P. M. BRUNER.-

METHOD 0E LAYING HOLLOW CONO-RETE FIRE PROOF FLOORS.

Patented @11.25, N587.

(No Model.)

c'g-Wuwbo'z 272163 fom W12/azien ma." a m www. .4v m.,

@9M/mamas (No Model.) 2 Sheetswshet 2.

y. M BRUNBR- METHOD 0F LYING HLLOW CONCRETE PIRE PROG? FLORS. No. 3565204. mem@ Jan. 25, 188?.

Il PETERS, Phosn-Lixhugmplm. washuglw. u. C.

Unirse Sra'rns artnr risible..

PRESTON lvl. BRUNER, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOUR.

'METHOD OF LYING HOLLW CONCRETE FiRE=PROQF FLGORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part or Letters Patent No. 356,704, dated Ian-nary 25, 1887.

` Application iiled June T, lSG. Serial No. 204,315. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, t may concern.-

Be it known that I, PRESTON lll. Briones., of the City of St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, have invented a Certain new and useful Improvement i n the hlethod of Laying Hollow Conerete FireProof Floors, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this speeiiieation, and in which- Figure l is a detail Vertical section through a floor, illustrating my improved method, the section being taken orosswise of the beams and lengthwise of the ribs or centers, and being taken on line l l, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a similar View taken lengthwise of the beams and crosswise of the ribs or centers, and taken on line 2 2, Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a detail View of the beams, showing twoiribs and one of the plates upon which the concreto to form the arches is plaeed. Fig. l is a view similar to Fig. 1, differing only in the ina-nner of forming the ceiling. This section is taken on lineiil, Fie. 5. Fig. 5 is a View similar to Fig. 2, except that the plates upon which the concrete is placed are removed and the joints between the concrete closed, and this figure also shows the plates of the eeiling shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is an enlarged View taken through one of the beams, showing the manner of laying the eeiling. Fig. i' is a similar view showing the abutinents of the ribs or centers. Fig. 8 is a detail View illustrating the manner of mal;- ing the ribs or centers. Fig. 9 is a detail view illustrating the manner oi' supporting the removable plates upon which the concrete is placed to forni the arches. Fig. l0 is a detail View illustrating the manner of closing the joints between the sections of the arches. Fig. 1l is a detail View illustrating the abutinents between the beams and the ribs or eenters, this form being a modification of that shown in Figs. l and 7. Fig. l2 illustrates a niodilioation of the manner of supporting the plates shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 13 is a detail View illustrating the manner of eonneeting the sectional supporting-plates.

My invention relates to an improved method of laying or putting down hollow eonerete hre-proof floors of buildings, (the concrete being p ut down in plastic formg) and it consists in features of novelty hereinafter fully deseribed, and pointed ont in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the beams usually employed in the structure of iloors of buildings, being i. form and made of iron. Beneath these beams is secured a plank or other temporary support, B, as shown in Figs. G and 7. Upon this support, extending beneath the beams, is placed a permanent cement facing, C, that 'forms the ceiling, and which (when it becomes hardened) will admit of the support B being removed. Upon this Ceiling G, thus formed, is laid a number of oonerete centers or ribs, D, which span the spaees between the beams A, which are preferably made of areh forni, and which are plaeed trans- Verse to the line of the beams. These ribs are preferably made, as shown in Fig. 8, by plaoing planks or supports E each side oi' where they are to be formed, and pouring the oon crete in between them. As soon as the oonerete has become hardened, the supports E are removed, leaving these ribs or centers, which are preferably forme-d with T-heads, as shown in the drawings. `When the ribs have thus been formed, I lay over them a Concrete areh or covering, G.

To support the concrete ol the areh while it is soft, I place plates or strips H between the ribs D, and in order that these plates may be removed after the concrete ot' the areh hardens I place between them and the ribs snpportsl, which preferably consist of ropes. It will be seen that the plates do not meet at the ribs, but a space is lei't between them and also in the arch, as shown at J, Figs. 2, 9, and 12. After the eoneretehardens, the ropes I are removed through these openings J, and the plates are then allowed to drop down from the areh into the position shown by dotted lines in. FiO. 2, and may be drawn out through the openings .l for further use. instead of having an opening, J, at each rib, I prefer and have thus shown an opening at each alternate rib, as the plates may be drawn from both direetions through this one opening. l can, however, leave a space at eac-h rib, if desired.

At the ribs where there are no spaees left the eonorete passes down between the ends of the plates onto the ribs, as shown at L, Fig. 2, and after the plates are removed the openings J are closed by pouring concrete into them, as shown at M, Fig. 5, which comes against and is supported. by the ribs at these openings. Thus after the plates are removed the arch between each two beams is made in one continuous piece. The ropes I, away from the openings .I or at the ribs where there are no openings, may be drawn out by being formed in one piece with the ropes at the openings, as shown by dotted lines in Figs. 2 and 3.

I am thus enabled to make a hollow concrete ceiling with no more material than is neces sary, a space being left between the ceiling and arch and the various ribs.

As the spaces between the ribs sometimes vary,I prefer to make the plates H adjustable by forming holes N therein and connecting them by bolts O, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 13, the bolts being countersunk into the upper plates, and having nuts on theirlower ends, as shown. The plates can thus be lengthened out or shortened up to correspond. with the space between the ribs, and may be made adjustable in either direction. They are preferably made of metal, so as to be thin and not occupy unnecessary room between the ribs and the arches, and for the reason that they can be better drawn out through the openings J, as they will bend. in case the openings are not large enough to permit of their being drawn out without bending.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 7, I preferto place aty the bottom of the beams, upon the ceiling C, abutmentpicccs I), against which the ends of the ribs bear and are braced, as shown in Fig. l. These abutments are made of concrete, and are made when the ceiling is laid, so as to be hard and set when the ribs or centers are made.

In Figs. et and 5 I have shown the ceiling secured to the ribs by means of metal rods or strips Q, which are embedded in the ribs, as shown, and which are turned outward at their lower ends atT to engage the ceiling. In this case the ceiling is composed of sections of concrete or dre-clay putin place in solid form, or after they are hardened, and they are prefer'- ably ribbed or corrugated, as shown in Fig. 4, so that the cement of the ribs will adhere to them.

In the medido-ation shown in Fig. l2 a crossstrip, U, is placed on the I-beam A, and a headed plate, V, is secured thereto. The plates H are placed on thehcads of these plates V, and are supported by them, and when the concrete hardens the plates V are removed, permitting the removal of the plates H. This will be particularlyadvantageous where there are no ribs to support the inner ends of the plates, as shown at W', Fig. 2; or, in other words, it is sometimes desirable to have only one-half the number of ribs D, and by this means the ends of the plates can be supported at these points where there are no ribs, and

in Fig. 1l the different ribs are united at the beams by continuous pieces, D2, of concrete.

I claim as my invention- 1. The improved method of laying hollow concrete doors herein shown and described, consisting in making ribs between the beams, then placing plates or strips over the ribs,

then placing concrete upon the plates to formv the arch, and dually, after the arch has hardened, removing the platesthrough openings left for that purpose, substantially as shown and described.

2. The improved method of laying hollow concrete doors, consisting in making ribs between the beams, then placing a support over the ribs, then forming `the arch on said support, and dnally withdrawing the support after the arch hardens, substantially as set forth. l

3. The improved method of laying hollow concrete doors, consisting in drst placing the beams, then making a ceiling beneath them, placing ribs between said beams, and forming arches extending from rib to rib and resting upon the saine, substantially as set forth.

4. An improved method of laying hollow concrete doors, consisting in laying a ceiling beneath the beams, then laying ribs on the ceiling, t-hen placing plates upon the ribs, then laying an arch upon the plates, and finally, after the arch has hardened, withdrawing the plates through openings left for that purpose, substantially as set forth.

5. An improved method of laying hollow concrete doors, consisting in laying a ceiling, then laying ribs on the ceiling between the beams, then placing plates on the ribs with removable strips beneath them, then laying the arch upon the plates, and nally withdrawing the strips and plates from beneath the hardened arch through openings left for that purpose, substantially as set forth.

6. An improved method of laying hollow concrete doors, consisting in making ribs between the beams, then placing removable supports over the ribs, then laying the arch over the ribs on the plates, then withdrawing the plates from beneath the hardened arch through openings left for the purpose, and dually closing the openings with cement, substantially as shown and described.

7. An improvement in the method of laying hollow concrete doors, consisting in laying the ceiling on a temporary support with abutments against the beams, then laying ribs upon IOO IIO

the ceiling between the beams, then placing removable supports over the beams, then laying the arch on the supporte, and inally, aft-er the parts have hardened, withdrawing the supports from beneath the arch through openings left for the purpose, substantially as shown and described.

S. The improved method of forming concrete structures, which consists in first: providing suitable supports, laying thereon a, shell or covering of concrete materiel Whil-ein o. plastic condition, leaving openings through said shell or covering through which the supports are Withdrawn after the concrete herdens7 and subsequently closing said openings,

substantially as sel; forth.

9.*The improved method of forming oonerete structures, which consists in first: forming ai ceiling, placing thereon suite-ble supports, and finally laying thereon a shell or covering of concrete material While in a plastic condition, leavin g openings th rough said shell or covering through which the supports are withdrawn after the concrete hardensy suhstantially ns ser. forth.

Gno. H.v KNIGHT, Jon WAHLE. 

